Follow-up Assessment of the Midterm Efficacy of the Home Visiting Program Pro Kind Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial
Organizational Data
- DRKS-ID:
- DRKS00007554
- Recruitment Status:
- Recruiting complete, study continuing
- Date of registration in DRKS:
- 2015-06-11
- Last update in DRKS:
- 2017-10-06
- Registration type:
- Prospective
Acronym/abbreviation of the study
No Entry
URL of the study
https://www.gesundheitsforschung-bmbf.de/de/prokind-5016.php
Brief summary in lay language
The present study is a follow-up assessment of the Pro Kind home visiting program for disadvantaged first-time mothers implemented in three German federal states from 2006 until 2012. The follow-up study aims to investigate the effects of the intervention on maternal and child health outcomes, maternal socio-economic development and cognitive and socio-emotional child development when the child starts primary school. To investigate the program effects, the study uses development assessments, telephone interviews with the mother as well as questionnaires for the teachers and administrative data. Update: As part of the update of the study registration, the primary and secondary endpoints were systematized more strongly on the basis of the underlying effect hypotheses. At the time of the update, no digitized and aggregated study data is available.
Brief summary in scientific language
The home visiting program Pro Kind was implemented in three German federal states from 2006 until 2012. Primary project aims were prevention of maternal and child health problems, amelioration of maternal health behavior during pregnancy, strengthening of parental competencies to prevent child abuse and neglect, and the improvement of children`s cognitive, psychomotor, language and social-emotional development. The program effects were evaluated longitudinally in a trial with randomized control group design (RCT) with N=755 high-risk primiparae enrolled. Large data sets to answer interdisciplinary research questions (at the interface of developmental psychopathology, economy, and criminology) were collected in one pre- and four posttests and periodical telephone interviews until the child`s second birthday. Results show that the program impact is concentrated on various maternal behavior outcomes like parenting skills and fertility decisions, with smaller impact on children’s cognitive development measured by Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). Since it is well known from the international literature, short term effects of home visitation are small, but early intervention unfolds its positive effects in the longer run. The purpose of the present proposal is to continue our panel with one follow-up assessment between child`s age six and seven. We expect positive effects on familial health and life circumstances, parental skills, as well as children`s school readiness and their cognitive and socio-emotional developmental outcomes. Furthermore, the fiscal consequences of these effects are considered.
Health condition or problem studied
- Free text:
- Mental stress and disruptions, family health, parental efficacy, school and social competencies of the children, cognitive and socio-emotional child development, aggression of the child, child abuse and neglect, physical aggression and violence against the child, Bullying and victimization of the child.
- Healthy volunteers:
- No Entry
Interventions, Observational Groups
- Arm 1:
- The follow-up evaluation does not contain any intervention. In the age of 6 to 7 one combined interview with the mother and a developmental test with the child are conducted. Additionally, one telephone interview takes place, the child's teacher is interviewed and administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency and from health insurance companies are requested. In the first Pro Kind project stage, arm 1 had access to the regular German welfare state services. They received monetary incentives for participating in the study, feedback on child development and an address list with support services. Additionally women in the treatment group received the Pro Kind home visits.
- Arm 2:
- Arm 2 does not receive any intervention in the follow-up evaluation. In the age of 6 to 7 one combined interview with the mother and a developmental test with the child are conducted. Additionally, one telephone interview takes place, the child's teacher is interviewed and administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency and from health insurance companies are requested. In the first project stage arm 2 had access to the regular German welfare state services. They received monetary incentives for participating in the study, feedback on child development and an address list with support services.
Endpoints
- Primary outcome:
- In the age of 6 to 7 one combined interview with the mother and a developmental test with the child are conducted. Additionally, one telephone interview takes place, the child's teacher is interviewed and administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency and from health insurance companies are requested. The home visiting program has a positive effect on the child’s cognitive development and school performance. -->School performance: Basic diagnostics of Specific Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language at primary school age (BUEGA) -->Cognitive development: BUEGA -->Specific developmental disorders: BUEGA The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s mental health. -->The child’s behavioral problems and emotional disorders: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6/18 R]), German version The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s life satisfaction. -->General Satisfaction with life: Inventory scale to measure the life quality of children and youths (ILK) The home visits result in improved parenting skills (less inappropriate parenting behavior) -->Dysfunctional parenting: Parenting Scale (PS), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors -->Non-violent disciplining: Conflict Tactic Scale Child Report (CTS-CR), interview of the children with picture cards. German version: translation by the AMIS group / Conflict Tactic Scale Parent Child (CTS-PC), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors The home visits reduce or prevent child abuse and the frequency of physical violence. -->“Minor” aggression: CTS-CR and CTS-PC -->“Minor” physical violence: CTS-CR and CTS-PC -->Child abuse: CTS-PC The home visits reduce or prevent child Neglect. ->Physical neglect: Scale of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale-Child Report (MNBS), interview of the children with picture cards. German version: translation by the AMIS group. -->Emotional neglect: MNBS -->Cognitive neglect: MNBS -->Supervisory neglect: MNBS The home visits influence the mother’s mental health -->Mental stress: Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors The home visits have a positive effect on the mother‘s life satisfaction. -->General life satisfaction: Questions regarding life satisfaction (FLZ)
- Secondary outcome:
- The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s mental health. -->Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and social behavior disorders (suspected diagnosis): Module from the diagnostic interview of mental disorders in children and youths (Kinder-DIPS) -->Anxiety disorders (suspected diagnosis): Kinder-DIPS -->Affective disorders (suspected diagnosis): Kinder-DIPS The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s socio-emotional development. -->The child’s social skills: Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), German version: author’s translation -->Aggression: Questionnaire regarding children’s aggressive behavior (FAVK) -->Psychopathy: Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), German version by Essau The home visits influence the child’s preferences (risk behavior, pro-social behavior and time preference). -->Pro-social behavior: Game for interpersonal allocation decisions -->Risk behavior: Investment decisions in a lottery -->Time preference: Game for temporary allocation decisions The home visits have a positive effect on the mother’s perceived social support. -->Perceived social support:Questionnaire regarding social support (FSOZU-K6) The home visits result in more stable partnerships with less frequent partner change, greater satisfaction with the partnership and less domestic violence in the partnership -->Stability of partnership: Developed by the authors -->Partnership satisfaction: Short form of the Partnership Questionnaire (PFB-K ) Psychological aggression: Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2); German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors [forward-backward] -->Psychological aggression: CTS2 -->Physical violence: CTS2 -->Sexual assault:CTS2 -->Injuries due to assaults by the partner: CTS2 The home visits improve the parental self-efficacy expectations regarding the parenting tasks. -->Parenting self-efficacy: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC)), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors The home visits have a positive effect on the perceived stress resulting from the mother’s parenting tasks. -->Stress, parenting: Parenting Stress Index (PSI ), German version: Eltern-Belastungs-Inventar (EBI ) The home visits increase the share of mothers in employment or education programs. -->Acceptance of employment and Acceptance of training or educational offerings: The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung The home visits reduce the families’ use of welfare payments (SGB II, SGB III and SGB VIII [Social Security Codes]). -->Welfare payments: Integrated Employment History provided by the Institute of Employment Research (IAB) -->The home visits have a positive effect on the family’s living situation. -->Family Situation: The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME forward-backward translation by the authors) The home visits influence the timing or frequency of a renewed pregnancy and births -->Renewed pregnancy / Renewed desire to have children / Abortions / Births: Questionnaire about intended and realized fertility. Integrated Employment History provided by the Institute of Employment Research (IAB) The home visits improve the mothers’ physical health. -->Mother’s physical health: 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) The home visits increase the frequency of pediatric primary care use (e.g. screenings, vaccinations, child’s oral health care and dentist visits). -->Frequency of pediatric primary care use: KiGGS questionnaire and doctor visits with ICD Z Home visits reduce the children’s hospital visits (outpatient or inpatient) caused by accidents and injuries. -->Number of injuries: Hospital admission and doctor visits with ICD S and T
Study Design
- Purpose:
- Prevention
- Retrospective/prospective:
- No Entry
- Study type:
- Non-interventional
- Longitudinal/cross-sectional:
- No Entry
- Study type non-interventional:
- No Entry
Recruitment
- Recruitment Status:
- Recruiting complete, study continuing
- Reason if recruiting stopped or withdrawn:
- No Entry
Recruitment Locations
- Recruitment countries:
-
- Germany
- Number of study centers:
- Multicenter study
- Recruitment location(s):
-
- Other Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Hannover (KFN) Bremen, Niedersachsen und Sachsen
Recruitment period and number of participants
- Planned study start date:
- 2015-06-15
- Actual study start date:
- 2015-06-15
- Planned study completion date:
- No Entry
- Actual Study Completion Date:
- No Entry
- Target Sample Size:
- 755
- Final Sample Size:
- 755
Inclusion Criteria
- Sex:
- Female
- Minimum Age:
- no minimum age
- Maximum Age:
- no maximum age
- Additional Inclusion Criteria:
- Participation in the first stage of the Pro Kind evaluation. Resident in Germany. (In the first program stage Pro Kind intervention registered only financially or socially disadvantaged first-time mothers during their 12th to 28th weeks of pregnancy. Financial disadvantage is defined as receipt of social welfare benefits, unemployment compensation, an income that is as low as social welfare benefits, and/or over-indebtedness. The considered social risk factors included, for example, low education, teenage pregnancy, social isolation, violent experiences, and health problems.)
Exclusion Criteria
Insufficient knowledge of German language, without permanent residence permission.
Addresses
Primary Sponsor
- Address:
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut HannoverLützerodestraße 930161 HannoverGermany
- Telephone:
- 0511 / 348 360
- Fax:
- 0511 / 348 36 10
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- http://www.kfn.de/home.htm
- Investigator Sponsored/Initiated Trial (IST/IIT):
- Yes
Contact for Scientific Queries
- Address:
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut HannoverDr. Sören KliemLützerodestraße 930161 HannoverGermany
- Telephone:
- 0511 / 34836-37
- Fax:
- No Entry
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- No Entry
Contact for Public Queries
- Address:
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut HannoverPädagogische Psychologin MSc Sabrina LauenrothLützerodestraße 930161 HannoverGermany
- Telephone:
- 0511 / 34836 - 73
- Fax:
- No Entry
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- No Entry
Principal Investigator
- Address:
- Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut HannoverDr. Sören KliemLützerodestraße 930161 HannoverGermany
- Telephone:
- 0511 / 34836-37
- Fax:
- No Entry
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- No Entry
Sources of Monetary or Material Support
Public funding institutions financed by tax money/Government funding body (German Research Foundation (DFG), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), etc.)
- Address:
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Dienstsitz BonnHeinemannstr. 253175 BonnGermany
- Telephone:
- No Entry
- Fax:
- No Entry
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- http://www.bmbf.de
Ethics Committee
Address Ethics Committee
- Address:
- Ethikkommission der DGPs (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie) [Ethik-Kommission DGPsychologie]Prof. Dr. Sigrun-Heide FilippFachbereich I Psychologie52486 TrierGermany
- Telephone:
- No Entry
- Fax:
- No Entry
- Contact per E-Mail:
- Contact per E-Mail
- URL:
- http://www.dgps.de/index.php?id=185
Vote of leading Ethics Committee
- Vote of leading Ethics Committee
- Date of ethics committee application:
- 2014-12-18
- Ethics committee number:
- SK 122014
- Vote of the Ethics Committee:
- Approved
- Date of the vote:
- 2015-05-29
Further identification numbers
- Other primary registry ID:
- No Entry
- EudraCT Number:
- No Entry
IPD - Individual Participant Data
- Do you plan to make participant-related data (IPD) available to other researchers in an anonymized form?:
- No Entry
- IPD Sharing Plan:
- No Entry
Study protocol and other study documents
- Study protocols:
- No Entry
- Study abstract:
- No Entry
- Other study documents:
- No Entry
- Background literature:
- No Entry
- Related DRKS studies:
- No Entry
Publication of study results
- Planned publication:
- No Entry
- Publikationen/Studienergebnisse:
- No Entry
- Date of first publication of study results:
- No Entry
- DRKS entry published for the first time with results:
- No Entry
Basic reporting
- Basic Reporting / Results tables:
- No Entry
- Brief summary of results:
- No Entry